Wind Power
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So what is a wind generator?
The proper name of a wind generator is actually "Wind Energy Converter" that being a device that converts the potential energy in the wind to another form of energy. This can either be mechanical or electrical.
How does the wind generator work?
When the wind blows, the rotar blade stops a percentage of the wind. That percentage is what is converted into energy. According to physics, the maximum amount of wind energy that can be converted is 59.3%. This is known as the Betz Limit.
I've seen lots of different looking designs, whch is the best?
There are a number of types of wind generators. Research has been done on virtually every possible concept with the objective of producing the maximum amount of power for the lowest cost at the highest possible reliability. Conventional experimentation has found that the horizontal axis upwind or down wind design to be the best concept. The most common designs include:
Horizontal upwind: The generator shaft is positioned horizontally and the wind hits the blades before the tower
Horizontal downwind: The generator shaft is positioned horizontally and the wind hits the tower first then blade
Vertical Axis: The generator shaft is positioned vertically with the blades pointing up with the generator mounted on the ground or a short tower.
There are two basic types of airfoils (blades) a lifting and a dragging type.
The drag style airfoil is typically what you see with an old Dutch wind mill or American water pumping wind mill. The blades are generally a flat plat which the wind hits and causes to rotate. This type of design is great for very low wind areas and will develop a lot of torque to perform an operation. However, in medium to higher winds, their capabilities to produce energy are limited.
The lifting style airfoil is what you see in most modern wind turbines and on airplanes. A properly designed airfoil is capable of convertine significantly more power in medium and higher winds. Actually, with this design, the fewer number of blades the more effective this design can be. Two European companies actually produced one bladed machines however, dynamic balance issues prevented them from becoming a comercial success.
